Sites in nucleic acids reacting with alkylating agents of differing carcinogenicity or mutagenicity

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Abstract
The site of alkylation of a nucleic acid, in vitro or in vivo, is greatly dependent on the type of alkylating agent. Most alkylating agents of low mutagenicity or carcinogenicity (such as dimethylsulfate) react primarily with the ring nitrogens. The carcinogenic N‐nitroso compounds have a great affinity for alkylating oxygens and react with all ring oxygens as well as the phosphodiesters and, in the case of RNA, with the 2'‐O of ribose. Ethylating agents, though in absolute terms less reactive than the corresponding methylating agents, show even greater affinity toward oxygens. It appears that the ethyl nitroso compounds that are carcinogenic are also the most reactive with oxygens.