Sequential and nonsequential contributions to double ionization in strong laser fields

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Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the difference between a sequential interaction of a femtosecond laser field with two electrons and a nonsequential process of double ionization mediated by electron-electron correlation. This is possible by observing the momentum distribution of doubly charged argon ions created in the laser field. In the regime of laser intensities where the nonsequential process dominates, an increase in laser power leads to an increase in the observed ion momenta. At the onset of the sequential process, however, a higher laser power leads to colder ions. The momentum distributions of the ions from the sequential process can be modelled by convolving the single-ionization distribution with itself.