Ionization history of the universe as a test for superheavy dark matter particles

In this paper we discuss the possible distortions of the ionization history of the universe caused by an injection of nonthermal energy due to decays of hypothetical superheavy dark matter (SHDM) particles. These particles are usually considered as a possible source of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the framework of the top-down model. Estimates of the fraction of energy of decays converted to the UV range show that, for suitable parameters of the SHDM particles, significant distortions of the power spectra of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy appear. A comparison with the observed power spectrum allows us to restrict some properties of the SHDM particles. These decays can also increase by about 5–10 times the degree of ionization of hydrogen at redshifts $z\sim 10–50,$ which essentially accelerates the formation of molecules of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ and the first stars during the “dark ages.”