Abstract
The offets of directional relationships between controls and displays are examined, with special reference to the influence of experience and of conditions of stress. Methods of investigation are discussed. The literature is reviewed to determine what stereotypes appear to be reasonably well-established, and attention is drawn to a number of deficiencies in current knowledge. Consideration is given to the effects of the operator's orientation, the hand ho employs for response, the initial position of the display, and the direction of scale numbering.