Mapping the optical properties of slab-type two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides

We report on systematic experimental mapping of the transmission properties of two-dimensional silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides for a broad range of hole radii, slab thicknesses, and waveguide lengths for both TE and TM polarizations. Detailed analysis of numerous spectral features allows a direct comparison of experimental data with three-dimensional plane-wave and finite-difference time-domain calculations. We find that the bandwidth for low-loss propagation completely vanishes for structural parameters where the photonic band gap is maximized. Our results demonstrate that in order to maximize the bandwidth of low-loss waveguiding the hole radius must be significantly reduced. While the photonic band gap considerably narrows, the bandwidth of low-loss propagation in PhC waveguides is increased up to $125\mathrm{nm}$ with losses as low as $8\pm 2\mathrm{dB}∕\mathrm{cm}$.