Growth, fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes, and plasma retinol and a‐tocopherol concentrations in full‐term infants fed formula enriched with Zω‐6 and u‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Abstract
Full‐term infants fed formula without dietary long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCF) exhibit significantly lower plasma LCP values than breast‐fed infants. We studied prospectively two groups of healthy full‐term infants fed conventional infant formula without LCP (F, n = 10) or the same formula enriched with both ω‐6 and ω‐3 LCP (LCP‐F, n = 12). Anthropometric data were obtained and fatty acid (FA) compositions of plasma phospholipids, triglycerides and sterol esters as well as plasma retinol and α‐tocopherol concentrations were determined at 5 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 months of age. Gains in weight, length and head circumference did not differ between the two groups throughout the study period. Plasma FA values did not differ at 5 days of age. Between 1 and 4 months of age, plasma phospholipids of infants fed LCP‐F consistently had significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentages of arachidonic acid (1 month: 9.7 (0.8) versus 7.0 (1.3) %wt/wt, 4 months: 8.7 (0.5) versus 6.6 (1.0) %wt/ wt, median (interquartile range), LCP‐F versus F) and docosahexaenoic acid (1 month: 2.9 (0.5) versus 1.6 (0.3) %wt/wt; 4 months: 2.9 (0.4) versus 0.9 (0.3) % wt/wt). Plasma retinol and a‐tocopherol concentrations did not differ between the two groups throughout the study. We conclude that this form of LCP enrichment of formula for full‐term infants effectively enhances plasma LCP contents without detectable adverse effects. The potential effects on functional outcome need to be studied carefully in prospective clinical trials. Growth, infant formula, infant nutrition, long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, retinol, α‐tocopherol