Chronic Active ("Lupoid") Hepatitis

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Abstract
In 1951, Kunkel and associates (1) drew attention to a group of young women with chronic liver disease who had hypergammaglobulinemia of such an extreme degree as to distinguish their serum protein patterns from those of a large number of patients with other forms of hepatic dysfunction. When 26 of these patients were later described in detail by Bearn, Kunkel, and Slater (2), it was noted that they presented certain clinical features not usually observed in Laennec's cirrhosis. These included recurrent fever, polyarthralgia and arthritis, pericarditis, pleural effusions, and the early appearance of splenomegaly. Because of the predominance in women
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