Abstract
The state-of-the-art of methodology for cadmium analysis in biological and environmental materials on the basis of recent progress is discussed. There is a remarkable gain in sensitivity and reliability for atomic spectroscopy mainly for graphite furnace techniques but to some extent also for flame atomic absorption with Zeeman background correction. Further, the introduction of new commercial polarogrphic analyzers offering square wave voltammetry made this method less prone to sample pretreatment performance, particularly for the analysis of somewhat higher contents. Another promising new and sensitive method is Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF). From this technical progress together with more or less “classical” methods as isotope dilution mass spectrometry, instrumental, radiochemical and the recently introduced in vivo-neutron activation analysis, together with the increased availability and use of biological and environmental reference materials a broad selection of appropriate analytical approaches is at hand now for numerous research and surveillance duties.

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