A Standardized Animal Model for Evaluation of Hemostatic Effectiveness of Various Materials

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Abstract
Two anatomic sites of bleeding injuries were selected in dogs to evaluate the hemostatic effectiveness and handling properties of various hemostatic materials. Split-thickness skin excisions inflict a wound of 90 cm2 area with regular spotted bleeding, which allows gravimetric quantitation of blood loss and of ease of removal of the agent. Excision of a wedge of the spleen 0.5 cm deep and 4 cm wide induced reproducible and moderate bleeding in pentobarbital-anesthesized dogs. Three to 4 similar injuries could be inflicted in the same spleen with comparable blood flow. In this model of bleeding injury only the highly effective hemostatic agents based on collagen and with a sheet-like structure successfully stopped the bleeding within 3 min. Powder-like collagen was effective only when pressed against the wound. Gelatin sponge or oxidized cellulose materials were less effective.