Binding Specificity of Multiprotein Signaling Complexes Is Determined by Both Cooperative Interactions and Affinity Preferences

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Abstract
The generation of multiprotein complexes at receptors and adapter proteins is crucial for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we used multiple biochemical and biophysical methods to examine the binding properties of several SH2 and SH3 domain-containing signaling proteins as they interact with the adapter protein linker for activation of T-cells (LAT) to form multiprotein complexes. We observed that the binding specificity of these proteins for various LAT tyrosines appears to be constrained both by the affinity of binding and by cooperative protein−protein interactions. These studies provide quantitative information on how different binding parameters can determine in vivo binding site specificity observed for multiprotein signaling complexes.