trans-Resveratrol, Quercetin, (+)-Catechin, and (−)-Epicatechin Content in South Italian Monovarietal Wines: Relationship with Maceration Time and Marc Pressing during Winemaking

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Abstract
The concentrations of trans-resveratrol, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and quercetin were evaluated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography−diode array detection in red wines obtained from Aglianico, Piedirosso, and Nerello Mascalese grapes. The trans-resveratrol and epicatechin concentrations did not differ significantly between experimental wines. The concentration of quercetin in Nerello Mascalese wines was more than twice that observed in Aglianico and Piedirosso wines. Nerello Mascalese wines also significantly differed from other wines in the (+)-catechin content, which was significantly higher than those found in the other two wines. During maceration, the maximum extraction of trans-resveratrol was reached after 12 days for Aglianico and Piedirosso, after which a decline was observed. On the contrary, in the case of Nerello Mascalese, the concentration of trans-resveratrol increased steadily throughout the whole maceration process. After 2 days of maceration, the maximum concentration of quercetin was observed in Aglianico must, whereas the maximum quercetin extraction was reached after 12 days for Piedirosso and 17 days for Nerello Mascalese. The maximum levels of (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin were generally observed after 12 days of maceration for all wines, although a decline of (−)-epicatechin occurred after maximum extraction in Aglianico and Piedirosso wines. Following marc pressing, a significant increase in the concentration of trans-resveratrol for Aglianico, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin for Piedirosso, and (−)-epicatechin for Nerello Mascalese was observed. Keywords: trans-Resveratrol; (+)-catechin; (−)-epicatechin; quercetin; Aglianico; Piedirosso; Nerello Mascalese