The Life Cycle of Parvatrema borinquenae gen. et sp. nov. (Trematoda: Digenea) and the Systematic Position of the Subfamily Gymnophallinae

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Abstract
The life history of PARVATREMA borinquenae was traced experimentally in Puerto Rico. The cercaria, a minute furcocercous larva, develops in a marine clam, Gemma purpurea and becomes an unencysted metacercaria in Cerithidea costata, a gastropod. Mature adults were obtained in chicks fed metacercariae. The subfam. Gymnophallinae is transferred to the fam. Fellodistomatidae which is emended to receive also the subfam. Tandanicolinae to which the genera Pseudosteringophorus and Megalomyzon are transferred. The Fellodistomatidae is assigned to the superfam. Brachylaemoidea. Illustrations of 2 additional cercariae and 1 adult fellodistome, all new and unnamed, are included to support taxonomic changes. Holotype of adult P. borinquenae deposited in U. S. Nat. Mus.
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