Vortex-flow regimes

Abstract
Analysis of a considerable body of new data, based upon flow-visualization experiments, reveals a simple criterion for the occurrence of vortex breakdown at a fixed location in a tube: ReB [similar] 1, where and the type of breakdown observed (bubble, spiral, etc.) although the latter is shown to depend on ReB. Theoretical support for the experimental results is derived from the analysis of Benjamin (1962) combined with similarity arguments.

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