The effect of yoghurt on some components of the gut microflora and on the metabolism of lactose in the rat

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Abstract
Feeding yoghurt or base milk (from which the yogurt was prepared by fermentation) to rats increased the counts of coliforms in the gut; the counts of lactobacilli were reduced by yoghurt but not by the base milk. Lactobacillus bulgaricus survived in the guts of gnotobiotic and conventional rats when yoghurt was fed continuously. Streptococcus thermophilus also survived in gnotobiotic rats but its ability to survive in conventional rats could not be examined. Both organisms failed to colonize the gut when a small inoculum of yogurt was administered orally to germfree rats maintained on the stock diet. S. thermophilus but not L. bulgaricus grew in the rat diet when tested in vitro. Two enzyme systems (.beta.-galactosidase and lactase) were studied using, respectively, o-nitrophenyl-.beta.-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose as the test substrates. Enzyme levels estimated with both substrates increased in the gut contents when rats were fed yoghurt but an increase was only found with ONPG in the intestinal mucosa fraction. The bacterial origin of all this increased activity is discussed. The other lactose-containing diets did not affect enzyme activity to the same degree. Feeding yoghurt changed the lactobacillus flora from one which was predominantly heterofermentative (L. reuteri) to one which was predominantly homofermentative (L. salivarius).