Influence of the glycosidic torsion angle on 13C and 15N shifts in guanosine nucleotides: Investigations of G-tetrad models with alternating syn and anti bases

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Abstract
The effect of the glycosidic torsion angle on 13C and 15N shifts of the sugar and base moieties of guanosine nucleotides was investigated by comparing the sites in two model G-tetrad oligodeoxynucleotides that contain guanosine residues alternately with syn and anti bases. The sugar puckering has been shown to be C2′-endo for both cases. It was observed that, for the instances with syn bases, the C1′ through C4′ carbons showed shifts that may be distinguished from those normally found in B-DNA-like structures. C1′, C3′ and C4′ moved to lower field, while C2′ moved to higher field. Effects of the change in glycosidic torsion angle were also seen in the shifts of base carbons and nitrogens in the five-membered ring portion of the base. Characterization of the shift variation associated with this conformational change may be useful in developing the use of 13C shifts as a tool in conformational analysis of oligonucleotides.