Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic and alkaliphilic marine lactic acid bacterium isolated from marine organisms in temperate and subtropical areas of Japan

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Abstract
A novel marine lactic acid rod bacterium has been described for eight strains isolated from living and decomposing marine organisms collected from temperate and subtropical areas of Japan. The isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-sporulating and motile with peritrichous flagella. They were slightly halophilic, highly halotolerant and alkaliphilic; the optimum NaCl concentration for growth was 2·0–3·75 % (w/v) with a range from 0 to 17·0–20·5 % (depending on the strain); the optimum pH was between 8·0 and 9·5 with a range from 6·0 to 10·0. They were psychrotolerant, growing well at −1·8 °C with a maximum at 40–45 °C and the optimum at 37–40 °C. Lactate yields were 87–100 % per consumed glucose; the residual products were formate, acetate and ethanol with a molar ratio of approximately 2 : 1 : 1. The product composition was markedly affected by the pH of fermentation medium; at higher pH, the yield of lactate decreased (60–65 % at pH 9·0) and that of other products increased conversely. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was type A4β, Orn-d-Glu, whereas that of the genus Alkalibacterium, the phylogenetically closest lactic acid bacterium, was type A4β, Orn-d-Asp. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1Δ9, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1Δ9 (oleic acid). The G+C content of the DNA was 34·6–36·2 mol%. The eight isolates were phenotypically homogeneous and formed a single genomic species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolates constituted an independent phylogenetic lineage within the radiation of lactic acid bacteria with 96·2 % similarity to the genus Alkalibacterium. The secondary structure and the nucleotide sequence of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA were characteristic of the organism among other related lactic acid genera. On the bases of phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctness, the organism was proposed to belong to a new genus and species, Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain, M13-2T (G+C=36·2 mol%), has been deposited in the IAM, NBRC, NCIMB and NRIC culture collections as IAM 14980T, NBRC 100002T, NCIMB 13873T and NRIC 0510T, respectively.

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