Double and Triple Ionization in Molecules Induced by Electron Impact

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Abstract
Double and triple ionization by electron impact in molecules is examined and, as was found for the monatomic gases, the data support the view that the threshold law for the probability of double ionization is a square‐law function of the excess electron energy. Some excited states have been detected, and autoionization does not seem to be important. The vertical potentials for all the processes of multiple ionization observed have been measured. The relative electronic‐transition probabilities for single, double, and triple ionization are compared. The factors affecting the stability of multiply charged molecular ions are discussed, and an attempt is made to correlate the electron impact data with the molecular structures. It is shown that Coulomb repulsion between the separated charges causes the potential energy functions describing these ions to be of unusual form.