Congenital Rubella after Maternal Reinfection

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Abstract
This report concerns a boy with congenital rubella virus infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation, demonstration of rubella-specific serum IgM and by persistence of serum antibody at the age of 9 months. In 2 sera from the mother sampled 2 weeks apart 20 months before the birth of the boy, low titers of rubella antibody were demonstrated by hemagglutination-inhibition, hemolysis-in-gel and complement fixation tests, but not by neutralization. Significant rises in titer were demonstrable by all serologic reactions—including neutralization—at the time of birth of the infected child. The mother was not aware of any rubella-like illness or exposure to such disease during pregnancy. The case is discussed against findings of neutralizing activity in sera from natural immunes and rubella vaccinees.