Blood pressure effects of leptazol applied to the ventral surface of the brain stem of cats.

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Abstract
In anaesthetized cats leptazol (200 mg/ml) and sodium pentobarbitone (30 mg/ml) were applied topically to an area of the exposed ventral surface of the medulla oblongata, which lies between the rootlets of the twelfth cranial and first cervical nerve. The drugs were applied either bilaterally by means of paired Perspex rings or unilaterally by means of a single Perspex rign. Their effects on arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiration were examined during two stages of anaesthesia, during surgical anaesthesia produced by an intravenous injection of chloralose at 60 mg/kg, and during deeper anaesthesia attained by two additional intravenous injections of chloralose at 30 mg/kg. Both the bilateral and unilateral application of leptazol produced a fall in arterial blood pressure during surgical anaesthesia, but a rise during deepended anaesthesia. After a preceding topical application of sodium pentobarbitone the fall became attenuated or abolished, whereas the rise became potentiated. Sodium pentobarbitone itself affected blood pressure as wells as respiration when applied bilaterally. It then produced pronounced tachypnoea independent of the depth of anaesthesia and a fall in arterial blood pressure during deepended anaesthesia. Its unilateral application did not affect respiration, nor did it affect usually arterial blood pressure, although during deepened anaesthesia it occasionally produced a fall in blood pressure. The area from which the pressor response to leptazol was obtained lay 7-11 mm caudal to the lower border of the trapezoid bodies, i.e., about 2 mm more caudally than the nicotine-sensitive area from which a depressor response to leptazol is evoked. Thus the two areas, though not identical, overlap. The result obtained with sodium pentobarbitone suggest that the area for the pressor response to leptazol (a) plays a role in maintaining vasomotor tone during deepened anaesthesia and (b) exerts a strong inhibitory effect on the respiratory rate during both surgical and deepened anaesthesia.