Multiple photoionisation of Cs and Ba atoms due to creation of 4d hole states

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Abstract
Multiple photoionisation processes of Cs and Ba atoms due to creation of 4d hole states have been studied by measurement of photoion-yield spectra (energy dependence of photoion yield). Monochromatised synchrotron radiation was used to excite the 4d-shell electron, and measurements were made in the energy regions from the neighbourhood of the 4d-nl resonance excitation to the higher-energy tail of the big 4d- in f shape resonance. The main products in these regions are doubly-charged (Cs2+, Ba2+) and triply-charged (Cs3+, Ba3+) ions, and an appreciable number of Cs4+ and Ba4+ ions starts being produced around the lowest photoelectron shake-off (4d-1nl-1) and shake-up (4d-1nl-1n'l') states, respectively. Although the relaxation of the 4d hole states proceeds mainly through stepwise processes consisting of the normal Auger process and autoionisation, Auger shake-off processes are found to have considerable probabilities (typically 0.19-0.38 in the case of Cs) in the first stage of the relaxation. The shake-off probability associated with the 4d photoionisation in Cs estimated from the present data amounts to 0.33+or-0.05 in the region of the higher-energy tail of the shape resonance.

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