HEPATIC MORPHOLOGY IN CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION - A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF 1000 SUBJECTS AT AUTOPSY

  • 1 January 1981
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 104  (2) , 159-166
Abstract
Chronic passive congestion (CPC) and centrilobular necrosis (CLN) are well recognized pathologic changes, but their exact relationship to different forms of cardiac dysfunction is uncertain. Clinical data and hepatic, renal and adrenal morphology related to cardiac dysfunction in 1000 autopsy subjects at The Johns Hopkins Hospital [Maryland, USA] whose hearts were studied after postmortem arteriography and fixation in distention. Pathologic variables (14) including body and organ size and microscopic changes graded on a semiquantitative scale, and 18 clinical variables including congestive heart failure, shock and cardiovascular disease, were analyzed statistically. Distinct patterns of cardiac dysfunction emerged for the 2 spectra of hepatic morphologic change. Among patients with variable CPC, but slight or absent CLN, the amount of CPC was predicted in a multivariate analysis by severity of right-sided congestive heart failure. CPC severity correlated with cardiac weight and chamber enlargement (P < 0.001). Among patients with variable CLN, but slight or absent CPC, CLN was predicted by profound hypotension and by renal failure. CLN, but not CPC, was significantly correlated with renal acute tubular necrosis (P < 0.001) and adrenal cortical medullary junction necrosis (P < 0.05), 2 lesions associated with shock. Among all 1000 patients CPC and CLN were highly significantly correlated (P < 0.001). Hepatic CPC evidently arises from conditions producing elevated systemic venous pressure while CLN arises from reduced systemic arterial pressure; the presence of one potentiates the development of the other.