Evaluation of role of G-CSF in the production, survival, and release of neutrophils from bone marrow into circulation

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Abstract
In steady-state hematopoiesis, G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) regulates the level of neutrophils in the bone marrow and blood. In this study, we have exploited the availability of G-CSF–deficient mice to evaluate the role of G-CSF in steady-state granulopoiesis and the release of granulocytes from marrow into circulation. The thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label dividing bone marrow cells, allowing us to follow the release of granulocytes into circulation. Interestingly, the labeling index and the amount of BrdU incorporated by blast cells in bone marrow was greater in G-CSF–deficient mice than in wild-type mice. In blood, 2 different populations of BrdU-positive granulocytes, BrdUbright and BrdUdim, could be detected. The kinetics of release of the BrdUbright granulocytes from bone marrow into blood was similar in wild-type and G-CSF–deficient mice; however, BrdUdim granulocytes peaked earlier in G-CSF–deficient mice. Our findings suggest that the mean transit time of granulocytes through the postmitotic pool is similar in G-CSF–deficient and control mice, although the transit time through the mitotic pool is reduced in G-CSF–deficient mice. Moreover, the reduced numbers of granulocytes that characterize G-CSF–deficient mice is primarily due to increased apoptosis in cells within the granulocytic lineage. Collectively, our data suggest that at steady state, G-CSF is critical for the survival of granulocytic cells; however, it is dispensable for trafficking of granulocytes from bone marrow into circulation.