Non-equilibrium impurity diffusion in silicon

Abstract
Non-equilibrium impurity diffusion of dopants has been realized in monocrystalline silicon through controlled surface injection of self-interstitials and vacancies. By varying the parameters of the surface oxide layer during the boron/phosphorus diffusion process, it was possible to obtain, for the first time, quantum-size diffusion profiles and p-n junctions with dimensions that could be controlled over the 10-220 AA range.