Dielectric properties of ocular tissues in the supercooled and frozen states

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Abstract
Values of the relative permittivity and conductivity of the rabbit retina and lens have been measured between 10 MHz and 10 GHz over the temperature range 20 to -20.degree. C. As the temperature was lowered from 20.degree. C the dielectric parameters changed smoothly until -9.degree. C where freezing occurred. At this temperature a sharp transition was observed in both conductivity and relative permittivity, the latter falling to a value of below 10 over most of the frequency range. Analysis shows that this is due to the unfreezable water, from which a value of lens hydration is calculated. This value agrees with that obtained previously at 37.degree. C using conventional dielectric mixture theory, but the associated margin of error is much smaller.

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