Parathion accumulation in cricket frogs and its effect on American kestrels

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Abstract
Adult cricket frogs (A. crepitans) were held individually for 96 h in static systems containing initial concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 ppm parathion [insecticide] in 10 ml water. Mortality of cricket frogs was directly related to the parathion concentration in the water. Frogs from the 1.0 and 10 ppm groups accumulated 0.08 and 4.6 ppm parathion, respectively. One of 4 American kestrels (F. sparverius) fed frogs from the 10 ppm group died from organophosphate poisoning < 3 h after consuming 5 frogs. Mortality did not occur in kestrels fed frogs from the other treatment groups, which represented more environmentally realistic levels or exposure.