In-vitro trypanocidal activity evaluation of crude extract and isolated compounds from Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. (Asteraceae)

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Abstract
We have performed a trypanocidal bioactivity-guided study of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), the main botanical origin of Brazilian green propolis. The leaf rinse extract of B. dracunculifolia, at a concentration of 3.0 mg mL−1, displayed 100% lysis of trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (2 times 106 parasites mL−1). The chromatographic fractionation of the leaf rinse, using several techniques, afforded the isolation of the compounds isosakuranetin (1), aromadendrin-4′-methylether (2), baccharis oxide (3), ferulic acid (4), dihydrocinnamic acid (5), 3-prenyl-4-(dihydrocinnamoyloxy)-cinnamic acid (6), and friedelanol (7). The chemical structures of all compounds were established by UV-vis, 1H and 13C NMR data analysis in comparison with the literature. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most active in the trypanocidal assay, showing IC50 values (inhibitory concentration required for 50% inhibition) of 247.6 and 249.8 μM, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 6 displayed moderate activity, whilst compounds 5 and 7 were inactive.