Comparison between the effects of cavitation induced by two different pressure-time shock waveform pulses

Abstract
Acoustic cavitation generates very large localized pressures and temperatures, and thus provides a mechanism whereby physical and biological effects are produced in a high-intensity acoustic field. In this work, we studied the influence of the temporal form of a pressure pulse waveform on the destructive effects of transient cavitation. Two different shock pressure-time waveforms with nearly the same acoustic energy content were used. The first pressure waveform starts with a tensile wave followed by a compressive one, and the second pressure waveform starts with a compressive wave followed by a tensile one. These two pressure waveforms are called direct and inverse-mode pulses respectively. Based on the measurements presented in this work, we can state that, between the two types of shock pressure pulses studied, the direct-mode pulse amplifies systematically tile cavitation effect. This conclusion was achieved from a series of several quantitative and qualitative experiments: cavitation bubble collapse time, disintegration efficacy of plaster balls (a kidney stone-mimicking material), macroscopic study of lesions in agar gel and in vitro isolated rabbit liver tissue destruction. Considering these results and those obtained by other research groups, we can express that the temporal form of a shock pressure pulse has a major role on the cavitation effects.