Room-temperature operation of an electrically driven terahertz modulator

In this letter, we report the room-temperature operation of an electrically controlled THz modulator. The modulation is achieved by reducing the electron density in a gated two-dimensional electron gas structure, which leads to an increase in the transmitted intensity of an incident beam of THz radiation. By depleting an electron gas of density ${10}^{12}\hspace{0.5em}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\text{−2}},$ we achieved a maximum modulation depth of 3% for a pulse of terahertz radiation covering the range of frequencies from 0.1 to 2 THz.