Avermectin B1: Ingestion and Contact Toxicity Against Spodoptera eridania and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Potentiation by Oil and Piperonyl Butoxide

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Abstract
Toxicities of Avermectin B1 (AVB) were examined in tests with Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) and Heliothis virescens (F.). In assays in which larvae ingested treated foliage, S. eridania was 4-fold more sensitive to fenvalerate than to AVB. In contrast, H. virescens was 26-fold more susceptible to AVB than to fenvalerate. In topical application tests, H. virescens was equally susceptible to AVB and fenvalerate, whereas S. eridania was 990-fold more sensitive to fenvalerate than to AVB. In foliar ingestion assays, piperonyl butoxide (PB) produced significant potentiation in combination with fenvalerate but not with AVB. In topical application tests with S. eridania, greater toxicity was seen when AVB and PB were applied together than when PB was applied 2 h before AVB. Combinations of AVB and an emulsifiable spray oil produced a greater degree of potentiation than that by PB. The susceptibility of H. virescens to topical applications of AVB was not significantly increased by PB or oil.