Abstract
This paper argues for the theoretical and practical possibilities of applying a ‘critical theory’ of education to British primary schools. It traces the series of misconceptions and misinterpretations of progressive education which, coupled with the neglect of its own emancipatory potential, has allowed it to be discredited by right‐wing and left‐wing politics. Re‐establishing a fairer reading of its central tenets and coupling this with the developing concept of a ‘socially critical primary school’ provides for an emancipatory primary education which embraces critical theory.