Motor Abnormalities of the Eyelids in Parkinson's Disease

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Abstract
Electromyographic studies of the motor function of the orbicularis oculi and the levator palpebra superioris of parkinsonian patients revealed: (1) no abnormalities during following movements; (2) tremor due to reciprocal phasic electrical activity in the levator and orbicularis during gentle lid closure; (3) no tremor but a rapid decline in electrical potential due to motor impersistence during forced lid closure; (4) persistence of orbicularis activity into the period of levator activity resulting in delayed lid opening during voluntary blinking; (5) coinhibition of both the orbicularis and the levator before and after a periodic blink; (6) increased latency and prolonged electrical activity in response to corneal stimulation; and (7) no decay in the nociceptive orbicularis response to glabellar tap. Comparison of these findings with electromyographic findings for peripheral muscles of patients with parkinsonism revealed some similarities.

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