Reassessment of the Role of Adjunctive Surgical Therapy in the Treatment of Advanced Germ Cell Tumors

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Abstract
We treated 30 patients for stage B3 or B3C germ cell tumors between December 1978 and December 1983. After initial, high dose, platinum-based combination chemotherapy, all patients underwent adjunctive resection of all clinically evident residual disease. Residual malignant elements were found in the retroperitoneum in 35 percent of 26 nonseminomatous germ cell tumor patients and in 40 percent of those with residual lesions beyond the retroperitoneum following chemotherapy. After additional chemotherapy, including platinum plus etoposide for patients with residual malignant elements, 80 and 75 percent of those with stages B3 and B3C disease, respectively, achieved a complete sustained remission at a mean followup of 30 to 38 months, respectively. This strongest predictors of ultimate treatment failure were the presence of extensive pulmonary disease at presentation and the finding of residual malignant elements in resected lesions. Of 4 patients with seminoma 3 achieved sustained complete remission, while 1 died of recurrent embryonal carcinoma. These data support the role of adjunctive resection of clinically evident residual lesions following initial platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced metastatic germ cell tumors, and demonstrate the efficacy of additional platinum-etoposide-based chemotherapy in the 35 to 40 percent of patients who harbor residual malignant disease in resected lesions.