Defect-Engineered Graded GexSi1-x Buffers on Si (001) with Extreme Low Threading Dislocation Density

Abstract
Stepwise equilibrated graded GexSii-x (x≤0.2) buffers with threading dislocation densities between 102 and 103 cm−2 on the whole area of 4 inch silicon wafers were grown and studied by transmission electron microscopy, defect etching, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy.