Transport Processes in Liquid Alloys. II. The Electrical Force on an Ion

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Abstract
The electrolytic migration velocities of impurity ions in liquid metals suggest the existence of strong net electrical forces on these ions, although other mechanisms are possible. On the basis of a detailed model of a liquid metal the early theory of Skaupy is revived and revised. In dilute solution a total electrical force, proportional to the conductivity increment produced by a solute, is exerted on the solute and on nearby solvent when the electric field is applied. The part of the force on the solute ion may be opposed to the part on the solvent. Implications for the resistivity of liquid alloys are discussed, including a possible effect in very dilute solutions when the solute ions are further apart than one mean free path. The effective number of free electrons in pure liquid mercury is provisionally estimated to be 0.3 per atom.

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