Identification, Imitation, and Sex-Role Preference in Father-Present and Father-Absent Black and Chicano Boys

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Abstract
This two part study was concerned with identification and imitation in 52 black and Chicano seven-year-old boys. Part 1 investigated the effect of race of model and S on imitation of behavior. Part 2 investigated the effect of paternal status on choice of a male or female model and masculine sex-role preference. The Ss were exposed to filmed models. Black Ss expressed a significant preference for the black model, but for Chicano Ss no significant preferences among the black, white, and Chicano models were obtained. Father-present Ss had a significantly higher male sex-role preference score as compared to father-absent Ss. Both father-absent and father-present Ss imitated the male model significantly more than the female model, but these scores did not correlate significantly with the sex-role preference score. By age seven, masculine preference appeared well-established, but it was more marked for father-present Ss.

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