Optimization of the Herzog correction in the hemispherical deflector analyzer

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Abstract
The theoretical performance of the hemispherical deflector analyzer has been discussed on the basis of a numerical calculation of electron trajectories by taking the fringing field correctly into account. We optimized both the ‘‘Herzog region’’ and the electrode sector angle and got foci of electrons which are as good as those for the ideal‐field 180 ° analyzer. In the optimized analyzer, even electrons with their energies different from the pass energy are focused well at the exit plate. Moreover, the arriving position of electrons at the exit plate depends linearly upon their incidence energy. The possibility of using a position‐sensitive detector is discussed.