Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 12. cis-(+)-3-Methylfentanyl isothiocyanate, a potent site-directed acylating agent for .delta. opioid receptors. Synthesis, absolute configuration, and receptor enantioselectivity

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Abstract
The first enantiomeric pair of irreversible opioid ligands [(+)- and (-)-4] were synthesized in > 99.6% optical purity as determined by HPLC analysis of diastereoisomeric derivatives of the intermediate 3-methyl-N-phenyl-4-piperidinamine (9) enantiomers. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the (R,R)-L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of (-)-9 revealed the absolute configuration to be 3S,4R. The absolute configuration of (-)-3 [cis(-)-3-methylfentanyl] and (-)-4 derived from (-)-9 is thus 3S,4R and that of (+)-3 and (+)-4 is 3R,4S. The (+) enantiomer of 4 (SUPERFIT) was shown to be highly potent and specific for acylation of .delta. opioid receptors (to the exclusion of .mu.) in rat brain membranes like its achiral prototype FIT (2) and was about 10 times as potent as the latter in this assay. The (+)-4 was about 5 times as potent as FIT in acylation of .delta. receptors in NG108-15 neuroblastoma .times. glioma hybrid cells and about 50 times as potent as its enantiomer. Both FIT and (+)-4 behaved as partial agonists in inhibition of .delta. receptor coupled adenylate cyclase in NG108-15 membranes and (+)-4 was 5-10 times more potent than FIT and about 100 times more potent than its enantiomer in this assay. Dibromination of amine 12, catalytic exchange of bromine with tritium gas, and reaction of the labeled amine with thiophosgene afforded [3H]-(+)-4 with a specific activity of 13 Ci/mmol. Previous experiments indicated (+)-4 acylates the same 58000-dalton glycoprotein previously shown to be acylated by FIT but with less nonspecific labeling. In view of the high potency and specificity of (+)-4 and the availability of its enantiomer, it seems likely that these compounds will prove to be valuable tools for study of the opioid receptor complex.