Platelet activating factor does not release histamine from human dispersed cutaneous mast cells

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Abstract
Histamine H1-antagonists inhibit the weal-and-flare responses to the intradermal injection of platelet activating factor (PAF) in humans, and PAF response is reduced in histamine-depleted skin sites. This indicates that mast cell histamine release is likely to be the mechanism of this response. We have therefore studied the interaction of PAF with cutaneous mast cells by observing whether it releases histamine directly from human dispersed foreskin mast cells, potentiates the activity of known mast cell stimulants or liberates histmaine releasing factors (HRFs) from human platelets and leucocytes to release mast cell histamine by an indirect mechanism. At a concentration of 100 .mu.M both PAF C18 and PAF C16 caused near maximal release (83.cntdot.5.+-.4.cntdot.3% and 88.+-.4.cntdot.5% respectively) of the total histamine content of the cell. This release was not inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, by the lack of metabolic energy or in the presence of the PAF antagonists WEB 2086 (100 nM-3 .mu.M) or BN 52021 (100 nM-10 .mu.M). These results indicate a cytotoxic mechanism of histamine release by PAF 100 .mu.M. PAF (10 nM-1 .mu.M) failed to potentiate the mast-cell stimulating activity of anti-IgE, calcium ionophore A23187 or substance P and it did not induce the release of HRFs for skin mast cells when incubated with platelets and leucocytes in concentrations up to 1 .mu.M.