Role of brain Ca2+ in central control of body temperature during exercise in the monkey

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Abstract
Macaca mulatta or M. nemestrina monkeys were accustomed to primate chairs and trained to exercise strenously on a special rowing machine to achieve a rate of 100 kpm[killometers per minute]/5 min. Guide tubes for the intraventricular infusion of solutions were implanted stereotaxically on the midline with their tips resting in the third cerebral ventricle. During a 30 min interval of exercise, 2.5-20.0 mM Ca2+ ions were infused at a rate of 50 .mu. l/min over an interval of 10 min into the ventricular lumen. At an ambient temperature of 22.degree. C, Ca2+ ions in a low concentration blocked the typical exercise-induced rise in the monkey''s body temperature without significantly altering its work output. At higher concentrations, Ca2+ ions infused intraventricularly evoked hypothermia and correspondingly reduced the rate at which the monkey exercised. When the ambient temperature of the monkey was changed to either 3 or 35.degree. C, the pattern of exercise was unaffected by an intraventricular infusion of a low concentration of Ca2+ ions (2.5 mM); however, during the first 15 min of exercise the magnitude and slope of the temperature was attenuated initially when the monkey was exposed to the cold ambient temperature (3.degree. C). These results suggest that the balance in Ca2+ ion activity in the diencephalon of the primate is involved in the regulated, steady-state elevation in body temperature caused during vigorous exercise.

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