Comparison of Effects of High-Dose and Low-Dose Aspirin on Restenosis After Femoropopliteal Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty

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Abstract
Background Long-term treatment with aspirin is recommended in patients with large-vessel peripheral arterial disease since these patients have a high risk of death from cardiovascular causes. Recent studies have demonstrated the prophylactic effect of low-dose aspirin in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Since aspirin is also recommended for prevention of late recurrence after peripheral angioplasty, the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of high-dose (1000 mg/d) and low-dose (100 mg/d) aspirin on long-term patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty. Methods and Results Two hundred sixteen patients treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for femoropopliteal lesions were randomly allocated to therapy with either 1000 or 100 mg aspirin daily. The follow-up was 24 months. The long-term results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between curves of cumulative patency were determined with the Wilcoxon and log-rank statistics. Complete follow-up information (patency after 24 months, restenosis, and death) was obtained in 207 patients. During the 2-year follow-up period, 72 patients—36 in the high-dose and 36 in the low-dose aspirin group, respectively—developed angiographically verified reobstruction within the recanalized segment. By intention-to-treat analysis, the cumulative patency rates at 24 months were 62.5% in the high-dose and 62.6% in the low-dose aspirin group (Wilcoxon, P =.97; log-rank, P =.97). The cumulative survival at 24 months of follow-up was 86.6% in the high-dose and 87.7% in the low-dose aspirin group. The number of patients discontinuing therapy was 30 in the high-dose and 11 in the low-dose aspirin group ( P <.01). Fewer patients receiving 100 mg of aspirin discontinued therapy because of gastrointestinal symptoms (4 versus 20). Conclusions The data indicate that 100 mg aspirin is no less effective in the prevention of restenosis after femoropopliteal PTA than a 1000-mg dose and has fewer side effects.