Clinical Implications of Gonadal Venography in the Management of the Non-Palpable Undescended Testis

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Abstract
Selective gonadal venography was used on 28 patients with 34 non-palpable undescended testes. An internal spermatic vein with a pampiniform-like plexus apparently indicates the presence of a testis. A blind-ending vein on venography suggests the absence of a testis. An internal spermatic vein or vas deferens may be present without a testis. A testis probably cannot be present without a gonadal vein. A testis may be present without a vas. A blind-ending vas deferens does not necessarily indicate the absence of a testis. A blind-ending vas deferens in a patient in whom a blind-ending gonadal vein is localized to the same region probably indicates the absence of a testis. Gonadal venography may localize a non-palpable undescended testis or suggest testicular agenesis. Gonadal venography aided in the selection of the operative approach and may provide criteria under specific circumstances for determining whether an operation is necessary and, if so, the extent of surgical exploration.