What is risk and how can it be assessed?

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Abstract
Risk is quantitatively defined as an increased probability for an untoward event associated with certain conditions or “factors”;. Risk is assessed by systematic studies in populations and comparison of the rates of the untoward event in presence and absence of the suspected conditions (relative risk, relative odds). The various types of these studies, the statistical methods for risk assessment and possible pitfalls and errors are explained and demonstrated with examples.
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