Liquid Hydrogen Target Utilizing a Small Mechanical Refrigerator

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Abstract
A liquid hydrogen target system utilizing a small mechanical refrigerator (6 W at 20°K) has been developed for high energy physics experiments at the electron synchrotron of Institute for Nuclear Study. The hydrogen gas is liquefied at the cold head of the refrigerator and is maintained as a liquid either in a reservoir or in a target container. A development of the pneumatic-type cold valve has enabled a rapid transfer of hazardous liquid hydrogen between a condenser and a thin target container. The liquid hydrogen target of 500 ml can be made ready for the experiment within 7 h and maintained automatically in a steady state for about 1,000 h without any manual operation.

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