Influence of manganese on morphology and cell wall composition of Aspergillus niger during citric acid fermentation

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Abstract
Morphology and cell wall composition of Aspergillus niger were studied under conditions of manganese sufficient or deficient cultivation in an otherwise citric acid producing medium. Omission of Mn2+ (less than 10-7 M) from the nutrient medium of Aspergillus niger results in abnormal morphological development which is characterized by increased spore swelling, and squat, bulbeous hyphae. Fractionation and analysis of manganese deficient cell walls revealed increased chitin and reduced β-glucan contents as well as reduction of galactose containing polymers, as compared to cell walls from manganese sufficient grown hyphae. Addition of copper induced the same effect as manganese deficiency, both on morphology and cell wall composition. Addition of cycloheximide also produced a very similar type of morphology with increased chitin and reduced β-glucan contents of the cell wall but its effect on galactose was less pronounced.