The Effects of Varying Fluid Volume and Rate of Resuscitation during Uncontrolled Hemorrhage

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Abstract
The role of rate and volume of infusion in survival from experimental uncontrolled hemorrhage was evaluated. Hemorrhage was initiated using tail resection in 43 female rats assigned to the following five groups: nonresuscitated; resuscitated with moderate volume, slower rate; resuscitated with moderate volume, faster rate; resuscitated with high volume, slower rate; and resuscitated with high volume, faster rate. A trend toward improved survival was noted with faster rate of infusion (60 vs. 33.3% survival rate with moderate volume and 28.6 vs. 12.5% with high volume, compared with 16.7% in the nonresuscitated animals). Rapid infusion of moderate volume of isotonic saline improved survival in uncontrolled hemorrhage. Extreme volumes, infused rapidly, also resulted in higher survival rates compared with those observed in nonresuscitated rats.