Structure and Lamb shift of 2${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ levels in lithiumlike ${\mathrm{Th}}^{87+}$ through neonlike ${\mathrm{Th}}^{80+}$

We report the measurement of thirteen 2${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ dipole-allowed transitions in the highly ionized thorium ions ${\mathrm{Th}}^{80+}$ through ${\mathrm{Th}}^{87+}$. The transitions have been measured with a high-resolution crystal spectrometer on the Livermore electron beam ion trap in which highly charged thorium ions were produced and excited in the interaction with a 100-keV electron beam. The observed 2${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ transitions are readily identified from a qualitative analysis of the dipole-allowed radiative decay channels. The identifications are confirmed by detailed modeling calculations of the line excitation processes, which account for all radiative processes, including radiative cascades among levels in the n=2 and n=3 shells, and all electron-impact excitation processes. The transition energies have been determined with an overall accuracy of 35 ppm. A detailed discussion of the measurement uncertainties is given, including the effects of beam-induced polarization on the hydrogenic reference transitions used for calibration. Measurements of the 1${\mathit{s}}^2$-1snp (n≤10) transitions in heliumlike ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{16+}$, which fall into the same wavelength region as the 2${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ transitions in thorium, are presented that validate the estimate of our experimental uncertainties. These measurements achieved twice the accuracy of previous measurements of the ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{16+}$ lines. A value of 4025.23±0.14 eV is found for the 2${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ transition in lithiumlike ${\mathrm{Th}}^{87+}$.