NMR dynamic frequency shifts and the quadrupolar interaction

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Abstract
A brief account of the quadrupolar interaction is presented. It is demonstrated that second‐order dynamic frequency shifts must be considered for multipolar nuclides relaxed by spacially isotropic quadrupolar interactions. Hence, each single quantum coherence is characterized by a unique precessional frequency. A short discussion of the intensities and evolution of these transverse magnetization composites is also included for completeness. The findings of this work supplement the theory of spin 3/2 quadrupolar labelling and exchange techniques as applied to biomolecular systems.