Thermoregulation-dependent expression of Yersinia enterocolitica protein 1 imparts serum resistance to Escherichia coli K-12

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Abstract
Resistance to the bactericidal action of normal human serum is one of the characteristics of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica. This property is attributable to the virulence plasmid harbored by pathogenic strains of the species. Serum resistance in Y. enterocolitica is thermoregulated, and its expression correlates well with the presence of virulence plasmid-encoded outer membrane proteins. To further examine the biochemical basis underlying resistance, we cloned a large segment (ca. 30 kilobases) of virulence plasmid DNA and studied the expression of plasmid-encoded outer membrane proteins in a serum-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli. The presence of the 160-kilodalton Y. enterocolitica-derived outer membrane protein 1 on E. coli transformants conferred a high degree of hydrophobicity, autoagglutinability, and resistance to serum killing. All of these properties were thermoregulated in E. coli with fidelity, suggesting that a functional thermoregulatory element was present in the cloned DNA. Elimination of protein 1 from the outer membrane of E. coli transformants by insertional inactivation of the structural gene with a Kanr gene cassette abrogated all of these properties and returned the serum-sensitive phenotype.