On-line flow injection cobalt–ammonium pyrrolidin-1-yldithioformate coprecipitation for preconcentration of trace amounts of metals in waters with simultaneous determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

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Abstract
The technique of on-line flow injection (FI) cobalt-ammonium pyrrolidin-1-yldithioformate (Co–APDC) coprecipitation for the preconcentration of trace amounts of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in rain water samples with simultaneous determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (KP-AES) has been developed. A precipitate collector system, consisting of a poly(tetrafluoroethylene)(PTFE) membrane on a polypropylene support filtering device combined with a 1.5 m reaction coil, was selected. An inorganic solution of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide was applied as the dissolution reagent. The technique is characterized by high retention efficiency (which ranged from 77 to 99% for the six elements of interest), good enrichment factors (ranging from 10 to 50 for 100 s preconcentration depending on the elements studied) and satisfactory accuracy and precision (recoveries from two standard additions to a rain sample ranged from 92 to 104%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.9 to 5%). The sample throughput is 20 per hour.

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