Effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on growth of Douglas-fir: relative contribution of foliage quantity and efficiency

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Abstract
The aboveground biomass of Douglas-fir (P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and annual production over 7 yr was studied in relation to thinning and N fertilization. Biomass yield of both treatments increased during the first 3-4 yr then decreased for fertilization but not with thinning. Treatments doubled biomass production of individual trees over the study period when applied separately and quadrupled it when combined. Annual biomass production per unit of foliage (E) increased during the first 3-4 yr, but was at or below control level after 7 yr. The increased E accounted for 20, 37 and 27% of the stemwood dry matter response to thinning, fertilization and the combined treatments, respectively; the remainder was attributed to an increase in foliage biomass. Thinning, but not fertilization, influenced distribution of radial growth along the stem, increasing growth only below the top third of the stem. This pattern was related to crown development.